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221.
Oscar Fisch 《Regional Science and Urban Economics》1980,10(4):473-489
This paper extends the standard model of urban land rent to consider the impact of the output of public programs on the spatial equilibrium and to analyze the accuracy of changes of urban land values as a measure of social benefits from public investment. Two consistent output indicators of public investment are advanced: the individual's welfare and total land values. The general results of the comparative analysis are that there is a lack of correspondence between both output indicators, and that changes in land values are, in general, not an accurate measure of the benefits of such programs. 相似文献
222.
223.
Göran Svensson Nils Høgevold Carlos Ferro Juan Carlos Sosa Varela Carmen Padin Beverly Wagner 《商对商营销杂志》2013,20(2):153-188
ABSTRACTPurpose: A limited number of studies have attempted to reveal the mechanism underlying integration amongst the economic, environmental, and social components of business sustainability (BS). BS refers to a company’s efforts to go beyond focusing only on profitability, also to manage its environmental, social, and broader economic impact on the marketplace and society as a whole. The research objective of this study is therefore to develop and test a framework of BS, based upon the triple bottom line (TBL) approach.Methodology/approach: Companies with more than 100 employees were identified to take part in the study. Respondents included executives in charge of BS initiatives, such as chief sustainability officers, sustainable business managers, and CEOs. Ultimately, 261 companies agreed to participate. Questionnaires (and an accompanying letter with survey details and contact information on the researchers) were sent to the targeted key informant in the company. A total of 110 usable questionnaires were returned, generating a final response rate of 42.1%.Findings: To assess the underlying pattern of dimensions and items of the BS framework, factor analyses were conducted. An initial factor analysis revealed 3 separate subframeworks of BS (economic, social, and environmental dimensions of the TBL-approach), all of which demonstrate satisfactory factor solutions. A second factor analysis iteration, containing all subframeworks of BS (i.e., 20 dimensions and 60 items) generated a total explained variance of 80%, although the factor loadings of 3 dimensions and their items merged with 3 other dimensions. The final factor solution generated a satisfactory 17-factor solution and explained 83% of the variance, indicating satisfactory convergent, discriminant, and nomological validity, as well as reliability of each dimension.Research implications: The study proposes a BS framework and concludes that the measurement metrics of the BS framework, which were developed and tested, are valid and reliable. Suggestions for applications, research limitations, and further research are provided. The BS framework may be used by companies to assess and monitor their sustainable business practices in the marketplace and society. The framework provides managerial structure and guidance in terms of the dimensions to be taken into consideration and also the items for measuring each of the dimensions of the BS framework in the market and society. The study is not without its limitations and further work is needed to verify the validity and reliability of the empirical findings of the BS framework across contexts and over time. As it stands, the investigation provides a foundation for further research, offering opportunities for updates, amendments, and refinements. Originality/value/contribution: A principal contribution of this study is the empirically developed and tested BS framework. It is based on the elements of the TBL approach, consisting of dimensions and measurement items. The BS framework and its hierarchical layers provide a structured contribution that assesses and monitors the managerial implementation of sustainable business practices and sustainable business models. Furthermore, the structural properties of the BS framework, in relation to contextual variables, provide additional research opportunities for the future. 相似文献
224.
Oscar De-Juan 《European Journal of the History of Economic Thought》2013,20(1):99-112
Abstract In the analysis of ‘justice’ in market exchanges, the scholastic doctors made some contributions to the theories of prices and money. But probably the most important (and neglected) contribution lies in the domain of anthropology, i.e. in the explanation of human nature and human behaviour. In this paper the authors are going to work out two scholastic ideas that provide an alternative to the individualist and utilitarian approach of neoclassical economics. (1) Persons are morally ruled beings; a sense of ‘duty’ is a key element in their behaviour; (2) Persons are social beings competing and cooperating to achieve certain goals. Dominant positions and privileged information grant them special powers that should not be abused. 相似文献
225.
This paper examines Official Development Assistance (ODA) in the aftermath of large natural disasters between 1970 and 2008. Using an event‐study approach, the paper finds that while the median increase in ODA is 18% compared with pre‐disaster flows, the typical surge is small in relation to the size of the affected economies. Moreover, aid surges typically cover only 3% of the total estimated economic damages caused by the disasters. The main determinants of post‐disaster aid surges are found to be the intensity of the event itself and the recipient country's characteristics such as the level of development, country size and the stock of foreign reserves. The paper does not find evidence that political considerations or strategic behavior on the part of donors determine the size of post‐disaster aid surges. 相似文献
226.
Paulo Bastos Stefania Lovo Gonzalo Varela Jan Hagemejer 《Review of International Economics》2023,31(1):106-140
We examine if and how deeper economic integration with high-income nations impacts industrial performance. We exploit Poland's accession to the EU in 2004 as a source of variation in the degree of market integration with Germany. Using data on Polish manufacturing firms in the period 1995–2013, we find that EU accession was followed by significant within-firm growth in output and productivity, notably in industries in which Germany was more specialized at the moment of accession. Increased flows of German investment to these sectors played an important role in shaping these effects. 相似文献
227.
Oscar Gelderblom Joost Jonker Ruben Peeters Amaury de Vicq 《The Economic history review》2023,76(3):892-916
We analyse the estate composition of the richest 30 per cent of people who died in the Netherlands in 1921 to find that households used a broad range of institutions to meet their financial demands. Goods and services were either paid in cash or settled periodically with suppliers. Despite the strong growth of commercial banking in the previous decades, households still made extensive use of peer-to-peer loans, with or without the added security of notarial contracts. Banks only possessed a competitive edge in savings accounts for small surpluses and current accounts, the latter used most frequently by business owners born after 1870. Distance to the nearest bank office did not matter for these people, but wealthy urbanites were more inclined to use banks than their counterparts in the countryside. 相似文献
228.
Oscar Becerra 《Review of Development Economics》2023,27(1):198-219
In this paper, I estimate the effect of future pension benefits on pre-retirement labor supply for a representative sample of Chilean workers. Using nonlinear patterns in pension benefit formulas and a reform that permanently changed non-contributory pensions, I estimate the effect of pension accrual and expected pension wealth on labor force and contributory-sector participation, labor earnings, and hours worked. I find that the effect is concentrated on the impact of pension accrual on the probability to contribute to the pension system. The effect is heterogeneous and is concentrated among middle-aged workers, low-skilled workers, and workers with higher financial literacy. 相似文献
229.
Oscar Claveria Enric Monte Salvador Torra 《International Journal of Tourism Research》2015,17(5):492-500
This paper aims to compare the performance of three different artificial neural network techniques for tourist demand forecasting: a multi‐layer perceptron, a radial basis function and an Elman network. We find that multi‐layer perceptron and radial basis function models outperform Elman networks. We repeated the experiment assuming different topologies regarding the number of lags used for concatenation so as to evaluate the effect of the memory on the forecasting results. We find that for higher memories, the forecasting performance obtained for longer horizons improves, suggesting the importance of increasing the dimensionality for long‐term forecasting. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献